Effect of Guizhitang on Atherosclerosis by Regulating Immune and Intestinal Flora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Guizhitang （GZT） on peripheral blood monocytes， intestinal flora and AS plaque formation of ApoE^-/- mice induced by Western diet （WD）. Method:In this study， 40 12-week-old homozygous female ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into chow diet （CD） group （ApoE^-/-+CD）， WD group （ApoE^-/-+WD）， GZT group （ApoE^-/-+WD+GZT， 7.83 g·kg^-1） and atorvastatin （Atr） group （ApoE^-/-+WD+Atr， 3.33 mg·kg^-1）. And 10 matched C57BL/6 mice were set as wild CD control group （C57BL/6+CD）. Except the CD group， the rest groups were given WD to induce models. Treatment groups were given Guizhitang or atorvastatin orally in addition to WD， while ApoE^-/-+CD and ApoE^-/-+WD model groups were treated with the same volume of double steam water at the same time. After 4 weeks of intervention， 5 mice in each group were selected to collect the eyeball blood samples. The levels of plasma lipids were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer， and the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its subtypes， and the expression levels of surface receptors toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） and CD36 were detected by flow cytometry， the intestinal flora of mice was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing. The remaining 5 mice in each group were intervened for 12 weeks， and the aorta was taken to detect the formation of aortic plaque by oil red O staining. Result:After intervention for 4 week， compared with C57BL/6+CD group， the levels of plasma total cholesterol （TC） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） levels in ApoE^-/-+CD and ApoE^-/-+WD groups were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. ApoE^-/-+WD group showed increase in the proportion of monocytes， their inflammatory subtypes Ly6C^__， and TLR4 expression on monocyte surface in blood （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. ApoE^-/-+WD group induced the imbalance of intestinal flora， with increase of Firmicutes and decrease of Verrucomicrobia in ileum of ApoE^-/-mice. Compared with ApoE^-/-+WD group， there was no significant change in blood lipid level and monocyte proportion in ApoE^-/-+WD+GZT group， but with decrease in the proportion of Ly6C^__， increase in the proportion of anti-inflammatory subtype Ly6C^-， and decrease in the expression of TLR4 and CD36 on monocyte surface （P<0.05）. ApoE^-/-+WD+GZT group showed decrease of Firmicutes and increase of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia in ileum of ApoE^-/-mice. After 12 weeks of intervention， ApoE^-/-+WD group showed increase in the number and area of aortic plaques in ApoE^-/-mice. ApoE^-/-+WD+GZT group showed decrease of the area of aortic AS plaques. Conclusion:GZT can reduce the immune damage and imbalance of intestinal flora caused by WD， then inhibit the formation of AS plaque.

Choices of timing and mode of blood purification in the treatment of immune diseases of nervous system / 中国实用儿科杂志

The immune diseases of nervous system are a kind of nervous system diseases mediated by immune mechanism.High mortality and disability rates are its important characteristics. Early intervention and treatment can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients. At present, the main treatments for this kind of diseases include corticosteroid hormone, intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)and blood purification. Blood purification therapy has become the focus of current research because of its fast effect and other advantages.The main modes of blood purification therapy for this kind of diseases are plasma exchange and plasma immunoabsorption.Early application of blood purification therapy in patients with the acute attack and critical illness may lead to more significant clinical improvement. Therefore,blood purification may be an effective treatment for patients with the critical illness or when other medications are ineffective for the patients.

Research advances in validity of predictors for extubation outcome in children receiving invasive mechanical ventilation / 中国当代儿科杂志

The development of invasive mechanical ventilation technology provides effective respiratory support for critically ill children. However, respiratory support is not the end of treatment as the ultimate goal is successful extubation in children. At present, some evaluation indicators before extubation including rapid shallow breathing index, maximal inspiratory pressure, and work of breathing are of high clinical value in predicting adult extubation outcome, but their evidence of evidence-based medicine is not sufficient in the field of pediatric intensive care. This paper reviews the current research on the validity of predictors for extubation outcomes in children. It shows that there is still a lack of indicators with good sensitivity and specificity for assessment before extubation in children. The studies are still in a small-sample size and single-center stage. Therefore, how to optimize evaluation before extubation and improve the success rate of extubation is the direction of joint efforts of doctors in the pediatric intensive care unit and rehabilitation medicine department.

Research progress of natural marine product macrosphelides / 国际药学研究杂志

This paper summarizes the natural macroephelides,including the preparation of three key segments and the synthesis of 16-or 15-membered macrolactone skeleton by the ring-closing metathesis(RCM)strategy. It also summarizes the synthetic approaches to macrosphelide derivatives,including the common pharmaceutical chemistry methods,such as the ring size modification,the modification of lateral groups on the macro ring,and the combinatorial chemistry approach. Additionally,a brief introduction of structure-activity relationships is given for related compounds.

Protective effect and mechanism of ligustrazine combined with astragaloside IV on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中草药

Objective: To study the protective effect and mechanism of ligustrazine combined with astragaloside IV on hypoxia injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: The model of hypoxia injury was established, and the cells for pharmacodynamics study were divided into five groups: control group, model group, ligustrazine group (80 μg/mL), astragaloside IV group (40 μg/mL), and compatibility of astragaloside IV and ligustrazine group. The effects of ligustrazine, astragaloside IV, and their compatibility on cell proliferation in each group after hypoxia injury were detected by MTT assay. Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of proteins VEGF and Ang-II in HUVECs with hypoxia injury, and Western blotting was used to observe the expression of proteins VEGF and Ang-II. RT-PCR was used to observe the mRNA expression of VEGF and Ang-II. Results: Compared with those in the model group, cell viability of ligustrazine group, astragaloside IV group, and compatibility group significantly increased, and the best group was ligustrazine (80 μg/mL)+astragaloside IV (40 μg/mL) group. Ligustrazine (80 μg/mL)+astragaloside IV (40 μg/mL) group could up-regulate the protein expression levels of VEGF and Ang-II and the levels of VEGF and Ang-II mRNA. Conclusion: Ligustrazine combined with astragaloside IV may be targeted by increasing angiogenesis factor, and the expression of VEGF and Ang-II plays the role of promoting angiogenesis.

Effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation on EVLW and lung capillary permeability of piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) at early stage on hemodynamic parameters, extravascular lung water (EVLW), lung capillary permeability, CC16 and sICAM-1 in piglets with pulmonary or extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was explored. Central vein pressure (CVP) and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were monitored in 12 anesthetized and intubated healthy piglets. Pulmonary ARDS (ARDSp) and extrapulmonary ARDS (ARDSexp) models were respectively established by lung lavage of saline solution and intravenous injection of oleic acid. Then the piglets received HFOV for 4 h. EVLW index (EVLWI), EVLW/intratroracic blood volume (ITBV) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were measured before and after modeling (T0 and T1), and T2 (1 h), T3 (2 h), T4 (3 h) and T5 (4 h) after HFOV. CC16 and sICAM-1 were also detected at T1 and T5. Results showed at T1, T3, T4 and T5, EVLWI was increased more significantly in ARDSp group than in ARDSexp group (P<0.05). The EVLWI in ARDSp group was increased at T1 (P=0.008), and sustained continuously within 2 h (P=0.679, P=0.216), but decreased at T4 (P=0.007) and T5 (P=0.037). The EVLWI in ARDSexp group was also increased at T1 (P=0.003), but significantly decreased at T3 (P=0.002) and T4 (P=0.019). PVPI was increased after modeling in both two groups (P=0.004, P=0.012), but there was no significant change within 4 h (T5) under HFOV in ARDSp group, while PVPI showed the increasing trends at first, then decreased in ARDSexp group after HFOV. The changes of EVLW/ITBV were similar to those of PVPI. No significant differences were found in ΔEVLWI (P=0.13), ΔPVPI (P=0.28) and ΔEVLW/ITBV between the two groups (P=0.63). The significant decreases in both CC16 and sICAM-1 were found in both two groups 4 h after HFOV, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that EVLWI and lung capillary permeability were markedly increased in ARDSp and ARDSexp groups. EVLW could be decreased 4 h after the HFOV treatment. HFOV, EVLW/ITBV and PVPI were increased slightly at first, and then decreased in ARDSexp group, while in ARDSp group no significant difference was found after modeling. No significant differences were found in the decreases in EVLW and lung capillary permeability 4 h after HFOV.

Expression of gap junction protein connexin 26 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of gap junction protein connexin 26(Cx26) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Cx26 in liver tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry staining in 159 paraffin-embeded liver sections, including 20 samples of normal liver tissue, 30 samples of chronic hepatitis, 33 samples of liver cirrhosis, and 76 samples of HCC. Normal hepatic cell line LO2 and HCC cell line SMMC-7721 were used in vitro to verify the characteristics of gap junction and Cx26 expression pattern. The expression and localization of Cx26 were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The function of gap junction between adjacent cells was detected by dye transfer assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to normal liver samples, the positive rate of Cx26 was markedly decreased in hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC tissues(all P<0.05). The intensity of Cx26 staining was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with those in non-carcinomatous liver(NCL) tissues(all P<0.05). In NCL tissues, there was a mild to moderated staining of Cx26 which located mainly on the membranes of hepatocytes at intercellular contacts. The positive staining of Cx26 in HCC tissues was observed mainly in cytoplasm. Positive Cx26 expression was positively associated with tumor size(P=0.036), but not with age, gender, histologic grade, clinical stage, underlying hepatitis and cirhosis, lymph node metastasis and intrahepatic vascular embolism(all P>0.05). Compared with LO2 cells, an aberrant expression and distribution of Cx26 in SMMC-7721 cells was confirmed, which may lead to a decreased function of gap junctions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The aberrant expression and distribution of Cx26 protein may be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, and the residual gap junction in HCC may provide a new target for treatment of HCC.</p>

Use of Ultrasound in the Follow-up of Professional Athletes Receiving Conservative Treatment of Patellar Tendon Enthesiopathy / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating in the effectiveness of conservative treatment for professional athletes with patellar tendon enthesiopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to different treatment intensities, 24 professional athletes with patellar tendon enthesiopathy were randomly divided into painless group, slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group. Then changes of the HFUS findings [including ranges of two-dimensional diseases and blood conditions by Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)] of patellar tendon before and after the treatment were recorded. The results were also compared with conventional clinical treatment evaluations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After two courses of treatment,the percentage of athletes whose pain was resolved or disappeared was 37.5% in painless group, 87.5% in slightly-painful group, and 62.5% in extremely-painful group. The pain score was 4.50 ± 2.07, 4.88 ± 1.13, and 6.13 ± 1.55 in painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group, respectively,before treatment and 4.88 ± 2.17, 3.00 ± 1.77,and 5.13 ± 2.36 after treatment. The average pain score remarkably decreased in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group,and such difference was statistically significant in the slightly-pain group (P<0.05). The effective rate (defined as thinner patellar,decreased hypoecho area and fewer blood distribution in the lesion) was 38%, 50%, and 62% in the painless group, slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group, and the rates in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group were significantly higher than that in painless group (both P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HFUS can display the ultrasonographic changes of patellar tendon enthesiopathy after conservative treatments in an objective and quantitative manner. Compared with conventional clinical evaluations, it can more accurately reflect the disease recovery status.</p>

Effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation on EVLW and lung capillary permeability of piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) at early stage on hemodynamic parameters, extravascular lung water (EVLW), lung capillary permeability, CC16 and sICAM-1 in piglets with pulmonary or extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was explored. Central vein pressure (CVP) and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were monitored in 12 anesthetized and intubated healthy piglets. Pulmonary ARDS (ARDSp) and extrapulmonary ARDS (ARDSexp) models were respectively established by lung lavage of saline solution and intravenous injection of oleic acid. Then the piglets received HFOV for 4 h. EVLW index (EVLWI), EVLW/intratroracic blood volume (ITBV) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were measured before and after modeling (T0 and T1), and T2 (1 h), T3 (2 h), T4 (3 h) and T5 (4 h) after HFOV. CC16 and sICAM-1 were also detected at T1 and T5. Results showed at T1, T3, T4 and T5, EVLWI was increased more significantly in ARDSp group than in ARDSexp group (P<0.05). The EVLWI in ARDSp group was increased at T1 (P=0.008), and sustained continuously within 2 h (P=0.679, P=0.216), but decreased at T4 (P=0.007) and T5 (P=0.037). The EVLWI in ARDSexp group was also increased at T1 (P=0.003), but significantly decreased at T3 (P=0.002) and T4 (P=0.019). PVPI was increased after modeling in both two groups (P=0.004, P=0.012), but there was no significant change within 4 h (T5) under HFOV in ARDSp group, while PVPI showed the increasing trends at first, then decreased in ARDSexp group after HFOV. The changes of EVLW/ITBV were similar to those of PVPI. No significant differences were found in ΔEVLWI (P=0.13), ΔPVPI (P=0.28) and ΔEVLW/ITBV between the two groups (P=0.63). The significant decreases in both CC16 and sICAM-1 were found in both two groups 4 h after HFOV, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that EVLWI and lung capillary permeability were markedly increased in ARDSp and ARDSexp groups. EVLW could be decreased 4 h after the HFOV treatment. HFOV, EVLW/ITBV and PVPI were increased slightly at first, and then decreased in ARDSexp group, while in ARDSp group no significant difference was found after modeling. No significant differences were found in the decreases in EVLW and lung capillary permeability 4 h after HFOV.

Huanglian jiedu decoction regulated and controlled differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells: an experimental study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) in in vivo regulating differentiation of monocytes in an apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model, and to observe the effect of HLJDD-containing serum in in vitro regulating differentiation of macrophages and foam cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen apoE(-/-) mice were randomly divided into the common diet group, the hyperlipidemia group, and the hyperlipidemia +HLJDD treatment group, 5 in each group. Mice in the common diet group were fed with a chow diet. Mice in the hyperlipidemia group were fed with high cholesterol wild diet (WD). Those in the hyperlipidemia +HLJDD treatment group were fed with high cholesterol WD supplemented with HLJDD. All mice were fed for 4 weeks. Five C57BL/6 wild types were recruited as the wild common diet control group. HLJDD was administered to mice in the hyperlipidemia + HLJDD treatment group by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 5 g/kg. Equal volume of purified water was given by gastrogavage to mice in the rest 3 groups. Four weeks later, subtypes of monocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by FACS. HLJDD administered to another 30 SD rats by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 5 g/kg, once for every 12 h for 5 times in total, thereby preparing 5% HLJDD containing serum to intervene the differentiation of in vitro primary bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and foam cells. The M2 subtype surface receptor CD206 of macrophages and foam cells were detected by FACS. The expression of Nos2 and Arg1 genes were assayed by Real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of inflammatory subset of monocytes (Ly6C(high)) increased in the peripheral blood after ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. HLJDD significantly decreased the ratio of inflammatory subset of monocytes (P < 0.05). Compared with the vehicle serum, 5% HLJDD containing serum significantly increased differentiation of CD206 + M2 BMDM (P = 0.034). Results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of Arg1 mRNA could be up-regulated by HLJDD containing serum (P < 0.05), and that of Nos2 mRNA down-regulated (P = 0.017). ox-LDL induced the differentiation of M2 subtype foam cells from BMDM, and HLJDD containing serum could further elevate the ratio of CD206 + M2 foam cells and increase the Arg1 mRNA expression level (both P < 0.01). HLJDD containing serum could inhibit the inversion of M2 subtype of foam cells to M1 subtype induced by Th1 factors, significantly elevate the Arg1 mRNA expression level, and decrease the Nos2 mRNA expression level (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HLJDD could lower hyperlipidemia induced inflammatory monocyte subtype ratios in the peripheral blood of ApoE(-/-) mice. HLJDD containing serum promoted in vitro differentiation of M2 macrophages and foam cells. HLJDD attenuated and inhibited the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis induced by hyperlipidemia possibly through regulating the functional differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells.</p>

Association of HAb18G with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in non-small cell carcinoma of lung / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between HAb18G expression, tumor parameters, metastatic potential and prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical study for HAb18G protein using SP methods was carried out in 144 cases of NSCLC. Nineteen cases of benign lung lesions and 41 cases of normal lung tissue were used as controls. The intensity (positive unit/PU) of HAb18G expression was assessed quantitatively by image analysis software. The results were correlated with tumor parameters, metastatic potential and follow-up data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intensity of HAb18G protein expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than that in controls (P = 0.000). In squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, the expression of HAb18G protein in well-differentiated tumors was lower than that in moderately to poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.001). Tumors of TNM stage IV had stronger expression than tumors of lower stages (P = 0.000). HAb18G PU was greater in tumors with lymph node metastasis than those without nodal metastasis (P = 0.045). The PU value of tumors with maximal diameter greater than 5 cm was higher than that of the smaller tumors (P = 0.000). It was also higher in male than in female patients (P = 0.046). There was no association between HAb18G protein expression and age of patients, history of smoking, tumor types and gross morphology (P > 0.05). The five-year survival rate in cases with low HAb18G protein expression was higher than that in cases with high expression (P = 0.006). Univariate analysis indicated that patients with high HAb18G protein expression carried a poor prognosis (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that expression of HAb18G protein was an independent prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC (P = 0.032, relative risk 3.962).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HAb18G protein expression is associated with tumor progression and prognosis. It may represent a useful biomarker for prognostic evaluation.</p>

Effects of gossypol acetate on apoptosis in primary cultured cells from patients with lymphoid leukemia and its synergy with dexamethasone / 中国实验血液学杂志

To investigate the effects of gossypol acetate on apoptosis in primary cultured cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its synergistic effect with dexamethasone. The apoptosis-inducing effect of gossypol acetate on primary cultured leukemia cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The effect of gossypol acetate on survival rates of Raji cells and mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal bone marrow were evaluated by MTT assay. After co-treatment with gossypol acetate and dexamethasone, the apoptosis rate of Raji cells was detected by FCM. The results showed that gossypol acetate was able to induce apoptosis in primary cultured ALL cells at concentrations of ≥ 5 µmol/L. The effect was concentration and time dependent. Apoptosis-inducing concentration in CLL cells was higher than that in ALL cells. After exposing to 50 µmol/L gossypol acetate for 48 h, the apoptosis rate of ALL and CLL cells were (90.4 ± 6.2)% and (51.7 ± 10.3)% separately. No major growth inhibitory effect was observed in MNC from normal bone marrow when they were exposed to gossypol acetate at concentrations lower than 10 µmol/L. After exposing for 48 and 72 h, the IC(50) of gossypol acetate for MNC from normal bone marrow was 7.1 and 9.1 times as much as the IC(50) of Raji cells. Co-treatment with 10 µmol/L gossypol acetate and dexamethasone remarkably increased the apoptosis rate of Raji cells. It is concluded that the gossypol acetate has apoptosis-inducing activity in primary cultured leukemia cells from patients diagnosed as ALL and CLL in vitro. The inhibitory effect of gossypol acetate on MNC from normal bone marrow is less prominent than that on Raji cells. Co-treatment with gossypol acetate and dexamethasone notably amplified the pro-apoptosis activity of the latter in Raji cells.

Quantitative analysis of Tiam1 expression in lung cancer and its clinical significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the expression of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) and the progression, metastasis, TNM stage, and histological types of lung carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of Tiam1 in 116 lung carcinoma specimens. The expression intensity (measured in positive unit, PU) of Tiam1 in these tissues was assessed quantitatively using Imagepro Plus image analysis software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PU of Tiam1 was significantly greater in primary lung carcinomas with lymph node metastases than in those without metastases (t=-2.089, P=0.039). Lung cancers of TNM stage II-IV had stronger expression than those of stage I (t=-2.272, P=0.025). The PU of Tiam1 differed significantly between different histological types of lung cancer, and squamouscell cell carcinoma had a lower PU than adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P<0.05). The intensity of Tiam1 expression was not associated with the patients' gender, age, general types, smoking history, pneumoconiosis or differentiation of lung carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results strongly suggest that Tiam1 is an invasion and metastasis inducing factor of lung carcinoma. The overexpression of Tiam1 is closely associated with lymph node metastases, TNM stage and histological types of lung carcinoma.</p>

Risk factors for capillary leak syndrome in neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors for capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 52 neonates with CLS (case group) were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty hospitalized neonates without CLS were used as the control group. The possible factors for the development of CLS were identified by univariate analysis. The independent risk factors for CLS were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analysis showed that the incidences of hyperglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and cold injury syndrome in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that sepsis (OR=5.004, P=0.001), RDS (OR=3.880, P=0.013) and cold injury syndrome (OR=3.207, P=0.023) were the independent risk factors for the development of CLS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RDS, sepsis and cold injury syndrome are independent risk factors for CLS in neonates. Hyperglycemia may be associated with the development of CLS.</p>

Dual-energy computed tomographic angiography of head and neck with dual-source computed tomography: image quality and radiation dose / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the image quality and radiation dose of dual-energy (DE) computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of head and neck.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed two groups of patients (both n=30) undergoing 64-slice spiral CTA of cervical and cranial regions with different scan protocols. The DE group was obtained with 140/80 kVp, 64/272 mAs, 0.6 pitch, 80 ml of contrast medium, and caudal-cranial scan orientation. The single-energy (SE) group was obtained with 120 kVp, 220 mAs, 1.2 pitch, 60 ml of contrast medium and cranial-caudal scan orientation. The image quality and radiation dose were compared. The attenuation values and noises were measured on transverse images at 4 different vessels (the distal part of common carotid artery and adjacent vein in same axial image; the M1 segment of middle cerebral artery and sigmoid sinus or confluence of sinus in same image) and two muscles: erector spinae presenting average soft tissue enhancement and supraspinatus muscle presenting regions of great artifact.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In cranial region the arterial enhancement and venous contamination were similar (P=0.1427,P=0.1116) . In cervical region the arterial enhancement was similar (P=0.9414) . DE group had significantly greater venous contamination (P<0.0001) , while the mean attenuation value of common carotid artery was still 127 Hu higher than that of jugular vein. No matter artifact of soft tissue was obvious or not, the noise of DE group was significantly less than that of SE group (both P<0.0001) , and the soft tissue enhancement was similar (P=0.0760,P=0.0793) . The radiation dose required for bone-subtraction angiography was significantly less in DE group than in SE group (P<0.0001) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DE group has comparable image quality to SE group and less scan dose for bone-subtraction. DE-CTA has great potential in clinical application. "</p>

mRNA expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlation with clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus patients / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of chemokine receptors and interleukin (IL) receptors on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their correlations with clinical features as well as SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA expressions of chemokine receptors and IL receptors on PBMCs of 93 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, including CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CXCR3, CXCRS, CX3CR1, XCR1, IL-4R, and IL-10R. The clinical features of SLE patients were recorded. The correlations of chemokine receptors and IL receptors mRNA expressions with clinical features as well as SLEDAI were assayed using linear regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of CCR5 mRNA in SLE patients (including active and inactive SLE) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between active and inactive patients in this respect (P > 0.05). CX3CR1 mRNA expression significantly increased from healthy control to inactive SLE to active SLE in sequence. The others (except for CCR8, CXCR3, and IL-10R) in active SLE patients were significantly higher than those in both inactive SLE patients and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between SLEDAI and CCR2 (r = 0.424, t = 4.313, P < 0.001), CCR3 (r = 0.518, t = 5.410, P < 0.001), CCR4 (r = 0.376, t = 3.851, P < 0.001), CCR6 (r = 0.457, t = 4.513, P < 0.001), CXCR5 (r = 0.455, t = 4.629, P < 0.001), CX3CR1 (r = 0.445, t = 4.523, P < 0.001), as well as XCR1 (r = 0.540, t = 5.445, P < 0.001). And CCR5 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with IL-4R mRNA (r = 0.313, t = 2.353, P < 0.05). The patients with myositis and cutaneous vasculitis simultaneously showed lower levels of CCR5 and CX3CR1, and CCR5 expression was negatively correlated with the scores of SLEDAI in SLE cases accompanied by photosensitivity (r = 0.426, t = -2.155, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increased expressions of CCR5 and CX3CR1 on PBMCs may be indicators in clinical survey for SLE.</p>

Effect of gossypol acetate on proliferation and apoptosis in Raji lymphoblastoid cell line / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of gossypol acetate on proliferation and apoptosis in Raji lymphoblastoid cells and explore the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Trypan blue staining and ethyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed to measure the effect of gossypol acetate on the growth of Raji cells. The morphologic changes were observed with Wright's staining assay. Apoptosis was identified by agarose-gel electrophoresis and annexin V-FITC marked flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The distribution of cell cycle, apoptosis rate, and Bcl-2 protein expression were analyzed by FCM. Caspase-3 activity was detected by colorimetric assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gossypol acetate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of Raji cells at concentration higher than 5 micromol/L. The effects were both dose- and time- dependent. Cycle analysis indicated the alteration of cell cycle and G0/G1 arrest. The activation of Caspase-3 was observed by colorimetric assay. The results of flow cytometry showed that the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression and the activation of Caspase-3 seemed to occur simultaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gossypol acetate can inhibit the growth of Raji cells and induce their apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the alteration of cell cycle and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression.</p>

Effects of Nourishing yin clearing heat (Chinese characters: see text) Chinese herbal medicine on vascular endothelial growth factor the epiphyseal cartilage of growth retardation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Nourishing yin clearing heat ([Chinese characters: see text]) Chinese herbal medicine on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in growth retardation induced by Decamethasone and observe its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty one-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, dexamethasone-treated group and Nourishing yin clearing heat ([Chinese characters: see text]) Chinese herbal medicine-treated group. The rabbits in dexamethasone group and Nourishing yin clearing heat ([Chinese characters: see text]) Chinese herbal medicine-treated group received dexamethasone (5 mg/kg x d). The rabbits were sacrificed at the 6th and 12th week after administration, and then rabbit tibia articular was removed. (1) Using TUNEL stain to detect apoptotic index. (2) Using immunohistochemical stain to detect the positive index of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the epiphyseal cartilage of growth. (3) Using fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect the expression intensity of VEGF mRNA in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 6th and 12th week after administration, there were significant difference in apoptotic index and cell proliferation index between dexamethasone group and normal group (P<0.01, dexamethasone group more than normal group). Immunohistochemical stain and fluorescent quantitative PCR indicated that the expression of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in dexamethasone group was significantly decreased as compared with that in normal group (P<0.01), and also obviously lower than Chinese herbal medicine-treated group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF has 2. an important role during the growth retardation induced by Dexamethasone. Nourishing yin clearing heat ([Chinese characters: see text]) Chinese herbal medicine can reduce the growth retardation induced by Dexamethasone through increasing the VEGF expression in growth plate chondrocytes and then increase angiogenesis.</p>

Application of a new catheter to be determining cardiac output through cor sinistrum with thermodilution / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To introduce a new device and catheter to be determining cardiac output through cor sinistrum with thermodilution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Own control was introduced in eight dogs. A pulmonary thermodilution catheter was used through the cor dextrum of the dogs; The new-design catheter was used through artery, and there were two situs to fix:its ahead in left atrium and the ahead near to aortic root. Determine cardiac output (CO) under four circumstances: controlled respiration, apnoea, in controlled hypotension, after controlled hypotension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference among the parameters (CO and cardiac index) of all circumstances. The CO determined by the pulmonary thermodilution catheter and those by the new-design catheter in two situs were positive correlation, and the gamma were 0.986, 0.989; likewise, the cardiac index (CI) was positive correlation, and the gamma were 0.983, 0.985. The CO and CI by the new-design catheter between two situs were positive, and the gamma were 0.992, 0.988.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The parameters by the new-design catheter and those by the pulmonary thermodilution catheter were concordant. In comparison with the pulmonary thermodilution catheter, the new-design catheter had simple device and could be easily operated.</p>

Phenomena and pathological significances of the methylated p16 promotor in DNA derived from plasma and blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the methylation status of p16 gene promotor in DNA derived from plasma and blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , and it's relationship with clinical symptoms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>p16 promotor methylation in plasma and peripheral blood cells (PBCs) DNA were simultaneously detected with the methylation specific PCR (MSP) method in 24 active SLE patients, 21 inactive SLE patients, as well as 20 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the plasma DNA, p16 gene methylation ratio (MP%) was higher in SLE patients than in the healthy controls (64.4% vs. 5.0%, P < 0.05). MP% in the active SLE patients was significantly higher than that in the inactive SLE patients (83.3% vs. 42.9%, P < 0.05). In the PBCs, p16 gene methylation ratio (MC%) in the healthy controls was significantly higher than that in SLE (80.0% vs. 48.9%, P < 0.05). MC% in the active SLE patients (29.2%) was the lowest among three groups. There was no significant difference between the inactive SLE patients and healthy controls (71.4% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). Each patient could be judged as one of the four methylation patterns: MP/MC, UP/MC (UP: unmethylated plasma p16) , MP/UC (UC: unmethylated PBCs p16) , and UP/UC. The ratios of MP/ MC and UP/UC were similar between the active and inactive SLE patients. However, different distributions of other two patterns were found in the active and inactive SLE patients as UP/MC 4.2% vs. 42.9% (P <0.05) and MP/UC 58.3% vs. 14.3% (P < 0.05), respectively. The active SLE patients with MP/UC and the inactive SLE patients with UP/MC showed different clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations. Significant correlation was found between the disease activity index for lupus patients (SLEDAI) scores and MP% (r = 0.93), between the SLEDAI scores and MC% (r = - 0.96) also between MC% and MP% (r = - 0.79).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The p16 methylation assay provides available information for the diagnosis, judgment of disease activity, as well as novel insights into the pathogenesis underlying this disease.</p>